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发表于 2008-11-15 17:47
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本帖最后由 hnwang 于 2009-5-4 09:51 编辑
从网站下载后翻译的,供参考。如果有不对,请指正。
Secretariat of ISO/TC 176/SC 2 Date: 15 October 2008
国际标准化组织ISO/TC 176/SC 220089年1015日发布的
Implementation Guidance for ISO 9001:2008
如何贯彻ISO9001:2008指南
CONTENTS
内容
1.0 INTRODUCTION
引言
2.0 BACKGROUND ON ISO 9001:2008 REVISION PROCESS
关于2008版ISO9001修改过程的背景
3.0 USER GROUPS
各种标准使用者组
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE
贯彻指南
4.1 GENERIC GUIDANCE
一般贯彻指南
4.2 SPECIFIC GUIDANCE TO USER GROUPS
针对使用组的贯彻指南
5.0 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
常见问题
6.0 AUTHENTICITY OF INFORMATION REGARDING ISO 9001:2008
有关ISO 9001:2008信息的真实性
1. INTRODUCTION 引言
This Implementation Guidance has been developed to assist users in understanding the issues that need to be considered during the co-existence period between ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 9001:2008.
发布本贯彻指南是为了帮助使用者理解在新老版本标准共存期间必须考虑的一些问题。
While the changes between ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 9001:2008 are expected to have a limited impact on users, some arrangements regarding implementation are needed.
已经考虑到新老版本的变更对使用者有限的影响,有些贯彻措施是有必要做安排的。
Note: To reflect the limited scope of the changes the term “implementation” is now being used to make a clear distinction with the former “transition” from ISO 9001:1994 to ISO 9001:2000, when there were significant changes throughout the standard.
注:反映有限范围的变更,现在用术语“贯彻”来清楚地区别过去使用的,从1994版到2000版之间所用的术语“过渡”。因为当时对整个标准从头到尾有重大的变更。
A wide diffusion of this implementation guidance is recommended, in particular the comparison table between ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 9001:2000, given in Annex B to ISO 9001:2008.
2000版到2008版标准详细的差别对比见ISO9001:2008标准的附录B。.
ISO 9001:2008 has been developed in order to introduce clarifications to the existing requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and to improve compatibility with ISO 14001:2004. ISO 9001:2008 does not introduce additional requirements nor does it change the intent of the ISO 9001:2000 standard.
已经开发的ISO9001:2008是为了更加清楚地解释现有的ISO9001:2000标准要求以及改进和ISO14001:2004标准之间的兼容性。ISO9001:2008没有增加新的要求,也没有改变ISO9001:2000标准原来的意图。
Certification to ISO 9001:2008 is not an “upgrade”, and organizations that are certified to ISO 9001:2000 should be afforded the same status as those who have already received a new certificate to ISO 9001:2008
针对ISO9001:2008标准的认证不是“升版”,凡是已经按照ISO9001:2000认证的组织应当和针对ISO9001:2008新认证的具有相同的认证服务。
No new requirements were introduced in this edition but, in order to benefit from the clarifications of ISO 9001:2008, users of the former version will need to take into consideration whether the clarifications introduced have an impact on their current interpretation of ISO 9001:2000, as changes may be necessary to their QMS
新版标准没有新的要求,但是,为了便于从理解ISO9001:2008标准中得到好处,按照ISO9001:2000认证的组织有必要考虑ISO9001:2008现在对标准的解释对他们现在的质量管理体系有没有影响,如果有影响的话,有可能对他们的质量管理体系做一些变更。
2. BACKGROUND TO THE ISO 9001:2008 REVISION PROCESS
ISO9001:2008修订的背景
In order to assist organizations to have a full understanding of the new ISO 9001:2008, it may be useful to have an insight on the revision process, how this revision reflects the inputs received from users of the standard, and the consideration given to benefits and impacts during its development.
为了帮助各个组织能完整地理解新版:ISO 9001:2008标准,看看标准修改过程的内幕,知道这次修改是如何反映标准使用者提出的各种意见,以及考虑如何给他们提供收益以及对他们的发展带来好处, 也许会有帮助的。
Prior to the commencement of a revision (or amendment) to a management system standard, ISO/Guide 72:2001 Guidelines for the justification and development of management system standards recommends that a “Justification Study” is prepared to present a case for the proposed project and that it outlines details of the data and inputs used to support its arguments. In relation to the development of ISO 9001:2008 user needs were identified from the following:
the results of a formal “Systematic Review” on ISO 9001:2000 that was performed by the members of ISO/TC 176/SC2 during 2003-2004
feedback from the ISO/TC 176/Working Group on “Interpretations”
the results of an extensive worldwide “User Feedback Survey on ISO 9001 and ISO 9004” by ISO/TC 176/SC 2/WG 18 and similar national surveys.
在考虑集中对管理体系标准修改意见之前,ISO/指南72:2001这份文件提供管理体系标准判断和发展的各种指南。它是一种《判断研究》作为一个提案,建议成立一个专题项目,收集各种有争议的具体资料和修改建议,以便争论。有关ISO 9001:2008标准发展,标准的使用者必须按照以下各个方面来确定:
# 对国际标准委员会第二分会(ISO/TC 176/SC2)在2003年到2004年对ISO 9001:2000标准所进行的正式的〈系统评审〉的各种结果。
#从ISO/TC 176/SC2关于〈标准解释〉得到的各种反馈。(译者注:〈标准解释〉是指该组织接受标准使用者提出的,对标准各种不同的理解后,由该组织做出统一解释的,在网站上公布的文件。)。
# 由ISO/TC 176/SC 2/WG 18 第18工作组在全世界范围广泛调查的结果〈关于ISO 9001和ISO 9004使用者的反馈调查报告〉中以及其他类似的由国家调查得到的各种结果。
The Justification Study identified the need for an amendment, provided that the impact on users would be limited and that changes would only be introduced when there were clear benefits to users.
通过〈判断研究〉认识到,只要这样的补充对标准使用者所产生的影响是有限的话,有必要对标准加以补充,而且,所做的更改将仅仅是引导性的,这样做对标准使用者来说能得到明确的好处。
The key focuses of the ISO 9001:2008 amendment were to enhance the clarity of ISO 9001:2000 and to enhance its compatibility with ISO 14001:2004.
ISO 9001:2008版标准修改补充的焦点在于提高对ISO 9001:2000版标准的清晰度,并且提高和ISO 14001:2004标准的兼容性。
A tool for assessing the impacts versus benefits for proposed changes was created to assist the drafters of the amendment in deciding which changes should be included, and to assist in the verification of drafts against the identified user needs. The following decision making principles were applied:
1) No changes with high impact would be incorporated into the standard;
2) Changes with medium impact would only be incorporated when they provided a correspondingly medium or high benefit to users of the standard;
3) Even where a change was low impact, it had to be justified by the benefits it delivered to users, before being incorporated.
为了评估所提出各种更改相对影响和得到好处之间的关系,专门开发了一个工具帮助标准修改草案提出者来决定,什么样的更改应当考虑,并且帮助草案提出者验证草案对所识别的标准使用者的各种需求满足程度。为此,要应用以下各个原则:
1)不容许有会对标准有重大影响的更改;
2)凡是有中等程度影响的更改只能当这些更改同时会对标准使用者带来中等或高的好处的情况下,才能更改;
3)即使某项更改会带来低的影响,在执行更改前,必须向标准使用者提出,由他们来判定是有好处的, 才能更改。
The changes incorporated in this ISO 9001:2008 edition were classified in terms of impact into the following categories:
No changes or minimum changes on user documents, including records
No changes or minimum changes to existing processes of the organization
No additional training required or minimal training required
No effects on current certifications
ISO 9001:2008版标准各种更改可以归类成以下各类:
1)对标准使用者的文件。包括记录没有更改或者小的更改;
2)对组织现有的过程没有更改或者小的更改;
3)没有附加的培训要求或者小量的培训要求;
4)对现在的认证没有影响。
The benefits identified for the ISO 9001:2008 edition fall into the following categories:
Provides clarity
Increases compatibility with ISO 14001.
Maintains consistency with ISO 9000 family of standards.
Improves translatability.
新版ISO 9001:2008标准带来如下好处:
1)提供清晰度;
2)提高和ISO 14001:2004标准的兼容性;
3)维持ISO 9000系列标准的一致性;
4)提高了可翻译性。
3. USER GROUPS
各种标准使用者组
3.1 Individual organizations using ISO 9001 (including industry associations)
使用ISO9001的各个组织(包括工业协会)
a) Current Users of ISO 9001:2000
现在ISO9001:2000使用者
This user group is defined as having completed or being in the process of implementing ISO 9001:2000, regardless of whether they are certified or not, or whether they intend to be certified or not.
这组使用者是指已经通过或者正在贯彻执行ISO9001:2000的组织,不管他们已经通过认证或者不考虑通过认证的组织。
b) New Users
新使用者
A New User is defined as an organisation that is either beginning to use ISO 9001:2000 or ISO 9001:2008 for the first time or is a potential user of the standard in the future.
新使用者是指开始第一次使用ISO9001:2000或者ISO9001:2008的组织或者该标准未来的使用者。
c) Users of Industry Sector Schemes, based on ISO 9001:2000
根据ISO9001:2000为基础制定工业方案的使用者(指TS、TL、AS等编制者——译者)
This user group is defined as those using quality management system programmes based on ISO 9001:2000 that include additional quality management system requirements, that can either be certified or accredited under the guidance of a particular Industry Sector Scheme (e.g. ISO/TS 16949 Quality systems – Automotive suppliers – Particular requirements for the application of ISO 9001:2000).
这类使用者是指根据ISO9001:2000作基础提出一些附加质量管理体系要求方案的组织。不管是否根据该特定的工业方案(就是ISO/TS 16949汽车行业——应用ISO9001:2000标准的特定要求)通过认证或者认可的。
3.2 Other user groups
其他使用者组
These are defined as being:
这些包括:
a) National Standards Bodies (NSBs)国家标准化组织
b) Accreditation Bodies (ABs)认可组织
c) Certification/Registration Bodies (CB/RBs)认证/注册组织
d) Trainers and Consultants培训和咨询组织
4. IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE
贯彻指南
4.1 Generic guidance
一般贯彻指南
All users groups are strongly advised to note the Joint IAF-ISO communiqué for Implementation of accredited certification to ISO 9001:2008, which details the agreed implementation plan for accredited certification as follows:
Accredited certification to ISO 9001:2008 shall not be granted until the publication of ISO 9001:2008 as an International Standard.
Certification of conformity to ISO 9001:2008 and/or national equivalents shall only be issued after official publication of ISO 9001:2008 (which should take place before the end of 2008) and after a routine surveillance or re-certification audit against ISO 9001:2008.
强烈建议各种使用者组注意IAF-ISO 关于贯彻ISO9001:2008标准进行认证的联合公报,双方协商一致如下:
Validity of certifications to ISO 9001:2000
ISO9001:2000的认证的有效性
One year after the publication of ISO 9001:2008 all accredited certifications issued (new certifications or re-certifications) shall be to ISO 9001:2008.
Twenty four months after publication by ISO of ISO 9001:2008, any existing certification issued to ISO 9001:2000 shall not be valid.
ISO9001:2008标准颁布一年后必须按照ISO9001:2008认证(新认证或者换证认证)。ISO9001:2008标准颁布24个月以后,所有按照ISO9001:2000认证证书失效。
Figure 1 - Implementation timetable for ISO 9001:2008, for all user groups
图1:(略)
To benefit from the clarifications introduced into ISO 9001:2008, users (from all user groups) should note the recommendations given in the table below. Recommendations for specific user groups are given in section 4.2 further down.
为了从ISO9001:2008标准的解释得到好处,标准使用者(包括所有使用者)应当注意以下的各种建议。针对特定使用者组还要注意4.2条后面的建议。
Get acquainted with the new edition of the standard. Use Annex B in ISO 9001:2008 to facilitate identification of the clarifications
从新版ISO9001:2008后面附录B中识别和理解有哪些变化。
Was your former interpretation of ISO 9001:2000 different from the clarifications provided by ISO 9001:2008 ?
搞清楚,您们以往对ISO9001:2000标准的理解和ISO9001:2008有什么不同?
If not, communicate to both internal and external parties the conclusion and results of your implementation of ISO 9001:2008.
假如没有什么不同,把您们贯彻ISO9001:2008的意见和结果告诉内部和外部有关方。
If yes, determine the impact of the clarifications of the new version on your current use of ISO 9001 and plan any necessary remedial actions.
假如有不同,确定通过新版本的解释认清楚以后对您们现在使用ISO9001有什么影响,然后,做一个计划如何采取必要的弥补措施。
Use the Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology to manage the implementation of your remedial actions, but keep in mind the timeframe provided in Figure 1.
采用PDCA方法来管理您们的弥补措施,但是,记住,时间上要符合图1的规定。
Note that the actions may need to vary according to your user group (see 4.2 below).
注意这些措施针对您们不同的使用者组有可能是不同的(见下面4.2条):
4.2 Guidance for specific user groups
特定使用者组的指南
These recommendations complement the generic guidance to all user groups given in section 3.0 above.
以下是对前面第3.0条所有使用者组一般贯彻指南的补充建议。
4.2.1 Organizations using ISO 9001:2000
使用ISO9001:2000的组织
a) Current users
现在的使用者
Organisations that are already certified to ISO 9001:2000 should contact their certification/registration bodies (CB/RB) to agree a programme for analysing the clarifications in ISO 9001:2008 in relation to their individual quality management systems and for upgrading their certificates.
已经通过ISO9001:2000认证的组织应当和他们的认证机构联系,达成一致意见如何分析ISO9001:2008标准中所澄清的问题和他们自己质量管理体系的关系,以便更换他们的证书。
Certified organizations should bear in mind that ISO 9001:2000 certificates have the same status as new ISO 9001:2008 certificates during the co-existence period.
已经通过认证的组织应当记住,ISO9001:2000证书在新老版本共存期间和ISO9001:2008的证书是等效的。
Organizations in the process of certification to ISO 9001:2000 should change to using ISO 9001:2008 and apply for certification to it.
正在申请按照ISO9001:2000认证的组织应当马上变更,按照ISO9001:2008来认证了。
b) New users
新的使用者
New users should start by using ISO 9001:2008.
新使用者应当开始用ISO9001:2008。
c) Industry Sector Schemes
各个工业方案组织
Users of specific sector schemes are recommended to refer to the organization that is responsible that sector scheme’, e.g. for:
• ISO/TS 16 949 refer to the IATF,
• TL 9000 refer to the QuEST Forum
• AS 9000/ EN 9100 refer to the IAQG
建议各个特定的工业方案组织和以下的组织规定办理:
• ISO/TS 16 949:IATF,
TL 9000 :QuEST Forum
• AS 9000/ EN 9100: IAQG
4.2.2 National Standards Bodies
国家标准化组织机构
Information regarding the 2008 edition of ISO 9001 should be communicated to standard users, in a timely manner, by the national standards bodies (NSBs). It is recommended that NSB actions be synchronized with the information flows from ISO and ISO/TC 176.
国家标准化组织机构应当及时把2008版ISO9001有关信息沟通给标准的使用者。建议应当和国际标准化组织和176技术委员会同步进行。
NSBs are responsible, at a national level, for communicating the issues regarding the changes from ISO 9001:2000 to ISO 9001:2008 to all interested parties and for providing translations of the new edition of the standard in their national languages. It is recommended that they coordinate their communications regarding these issues with other local interested parties (for example: ABs, CB/RBs, professional quality associations, etc.).
国家标准化组织机构负责国家层次向所有关心这问题的有关方面沟通有关ISO9001:2000到ISO9001:2008的变更的问题,并且提供本国家语言新版标准的翻译版本。建议他们和其他利益相关方(譬如,认可机构、认证和注册机构、专业的质量协会等)协调有关这方面信息。
Translation Issues - If a requirement for translation of the new standards exists, the translation process should be started as early as possible, in order to provide the equivalent national edition as soon as possible.
翻译问题——如果要求翻译成新版本标准的话,翻译过程应当尽量早开始,以便能尽快提供等同使用的国家版本的标准。
An NSB should analyse if there are interpretation problems in the national ISO 9001:2000 version due to former translation problems. In affirmative cases the NSB should carry out an extensive translation of the standard. If interpretation divergences still remain, the NSB is recommended to apply for clarification to the “ISO/TC 176 Interpretations Working Group” using the established “Interpretations” process.
国家标准化组织应当分析以往ISO9001:2000国家版本中是否存在翻译方面的各种问题。在肯定情况下,国家标准化组织应当延伸标准翻译工作。如果解释方面还有歧义的话,建议国家标准化组织利用ISO/TC 176 解释小组已经建立的“解释”渠道向他们提出来,请求他们解释。
If an NSB has no translation problem with its version of ISO 9001:2000 it can use Annex B to ISO 9001:2008 as a quick guide for preparing its translation of the standard.
如果国家标准化组织在ISO9001:2000的翻译方面不存在什么问题的话,那么可以利用ISO9001:2008附录B来快速翻译ISO9001:2008标准。
4.2.4 Accreditation Bodies
认可机构
ABs should refer to the joint IAF-ISO communiqué for the implementation of accredited certification to ISO 9001:2008 (see 4.1 above).
认可机构应当按照IAF-ISO联合公报规定贯彻ISO9001:2008的认可认证工作(见前面4.1条)。
4.2.5 Certification Bodies
认证机构
CBs should refer to the joint IAF-ISO communiqué for the implementation of accredited certification to ISO 9001:2008 (see 4.1 above).
认证机构应当按照IAF-ISO联合公报规定贯彻ISO9001:2008的认可认证工作(见前面4.1条)。
CBs should remember that certificates of conformity to ISO 9001:2008 and/or its national equivalent adoptions can only be issued after the official publication of the amended standard.
认证机构应当记住,只能等ISO9001:2008正式颁布后才能按照ISO9001:2008标准和/或他们国家等同标准进行符合性认证并颁发证书。
It is important that accredited certification bodies ensure that their auditors are aware of the clarifications introduced in ISO 9001:2008, and their implications, prior to conducting audits to that standard.
经过认可的认证机构必须确保他们的审核员理解了ISO9001:2008所做的变更解释,以及它们的实际运用,然后才能从事审核工作,这一点非常重要。
4.2.6 Training Bodies and Consultants
培训和咨询机构
All trainers and consultants should be aware of the clarifications in ISO 9001:2008. All training bodies and consultants are recommended to determine the need for updating training programs and documentation, or any other changes necessary, to the services they provide.
所有的培训和咨询机构应当懂得ISO9001:2008所做变更的解释。建议所有
培训和咨询机构确定一下如何更新他们的培训方案以及文件,或其他任何必要的变更,以便提供他们的服务。
5.0 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
经常提出的问题
While this Implementation Guidance provides recommendations on a number of issues facing the different user groups during the co-existence period, it does not address more general questions about the ISO 9000 standards. Instead ISO/TC 176/SC 2 has prepared a set of frequently asked questions (FAQs) to provide such advice.
在新老版本标准共存期间,面对不同的标准使用者组遇到的一系列问题,本贯彻指南中没有包括更加一般性的问题。这些问题可以从ISO/TC176/SC2已经有的《经常提出的问题》(FAQ)的渠道来解决。
It is expected that the FAQs will be updated on a more regular basis than this Implementation Guidance. For the latest version of the FAQs, reference should be made to the open access web site at www.iso.org/tc176/sc2
《经常提出的问题》将会及时按照规定来更新有关本指南的问题。最新版本的《经常提出的问题》可以通过互联网的网站www.iso.org/tc176/sc2 获得。
6.0 AUTHENTICITY OF INFORMATION REGARDING ISO 9001:2008
有关ISO9001:2008信息真实性
The first point of contact for information regarding the requirements of ISO 9001:2008 should be your National Standards Body (for a listing of ISO’s member National Standards Bodies, see www.iso.org/iso/about/iso_members.htm).
有关ISO9001:2008信息,首先和您们国家的标准化机构联系(参加国际标准化组织的各国家标准化组织的目录可以从以下网站中获得:www.iso.org/iso/about/iso_members.htm )
Other recommended sources of information are:
其他推荐的信息来源有:
• ISO’s web site www.iso.org provides general information regarding ISO 9001:2008 and the ISO 9004 revision programme (as well as details of its member National Standards Bodies).
国际标准化组织的网站 www.iso.org 提供有关ISO9001:2008和ISO9004修改方案的信息(也包括其成员国国家标准化组织的具体信息)。
• The ISO/TC176 web site www.tc176.org provides more specific information on the structure and work programme of ISO/TC176, and on the formal “interpretations” issued on ISO 9001
国际标准化组织176技术委员会的网站 www.tc176.org提供更加特定的有关176技术委员会的机构和工作方案的信息,以及有关ISO9001正式“解释”的信息。
• The ISO/TC176/SC2 web site, www.iso.org/tc176/sc2 provides detailed information on the ISO 9001/9004 revision program, updated on a regular basis.
国际标准化组织176技术委员会第二工作组的网站www.iso.org/tc176/sc2提供更加具体的有关ISO9001/ISO 9004修改方案的情况,而且定期更新的。
[ 本帖最后由 hnwang 于 2008-11-15 21:10 编辑 ] |
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